They are colorful and easy to care for.

They are actively gorwing in summer, making them less likely to burn easily.

Roses require regular maintenance while not building up dead material at their centers, thus making them less flammable when flying embers blow into your yard from a wildfire.
I took these photos of the Groundcover Rose, ‘Happy Chappy’ that is making a great show in my new garden in Cottonwood. Blooms are born in clusters and start bright salmon orange and fade to medium pink. The plant spreads to about 4ft across and arching canes seem to grow up to 2ft tall. Very disease resistant with little sign of mildew or black spot in the few years of have had it.
Groundcover roses should be sheared in spring just as new growth starts and again in midsummer after the first flush of bloom. You can cut them back hard every few years to renew the entire plant.
Groundcover roses like ‘Happy Chappy’ do best with regular waterings, but I have found they can be pretty tough as long as get a deep watering every week or so.
‘Happy Chappy’ is available via mail order from Jackson and Perkins Roses, www.jacksonandperkins.com and from local independent garden centers right now in bloom.

'Happy Chappy' showing three-tone blooms

I mean not Jack Benny cheap; he used to say that when he opened his wallet he could hear birds sing (Cheap, cheap, cheap).  But I have a habit of being a bit conservative when I am purchasing new plants.  About a month ago I was immersed in the plant utopia that is the San Francisco Flower and Garden Show Plant Market.  Of course I found some choice new finds for the garden, but after making some well thought out purchases, I instantly regretted it.  Not because the plants aren’t awesome, but that I should have bought AT LEAST 3 of each!.

Dykia 'Burgundy Ice' awaits planting at FireSafe Gardens

Any good gardener knows that groups of the same plant in odd numbers, IE 3, 5 or 7 makes the best impact when you are designing a new bed or border. One of this and one of that is good when you are using a big specimen, but if you want to create garden harmony, you want to build a solid group of each perennial or shrub and then repeat that same group somewhere else in the garden to create a unified and interesting scheme.   So when I choose the ‘Burgundy Ice’ Dyckia (www.provenwinners.com), a truly exotic-looking hardy bromelliad, I should have grabbed three, not just one.  This plant looks like a dark glossy sunburst starfish arching it’s spiny legs out in a spreading rosette.  Ideal in pots, but since it should be somewhat hardy in my USDA 9 and Sunset 9 zone garden here in far NorCal, I need three to make in impact under the rising stems of Chamaerops humilis in my new Exotic Garden. Of course, dykia is another IDEAL fire-safe plant with it’s tough fibrous leaves and tight rosette form which give no purchase to flying brands or builds up burnable leaf litter. Further it is very water wise, another important aspect of any new sustainable, fire safe garden.

So now I am regretting being so cheap, since I will now spend extra cash on having new specimens shipped from Gold Rush Nursery in Aptos (www.goldrushnursery.com).  Lesson: be decisive.  Grab three and make an impression.

Feel free to email me at dave@firesafegarden for comments or questions.

Lean, Clean and Green: the first 30 feet.

Lean: *Create an open area near the house free of fuels, woodpiles, and clutter.

*Ideally have a solid paved or clean, raked gravel walkway that allows room to walk the entire perimeter of the home.

Clean: *Instead of decks and wood patio furniture create flagstone patios, textured concrete driveways, and ramps.

*Use built-in seat walls, decorative rockwork, and built-in bbq’s with open spaces for entertaining.

Green: *Create an edible garden!  Cluster plants according to water use with edibles, flowers, roses, and small manageable turf areas closest to the home.

*Use masses of groundcovers, flowering drought tolerant perennials, irises, and succulents to add visual interest.  Mass shrubs in groups spaced at least 8ft apart.

*Place small ornamental or fruit/citrus trees 15 feet or more from house, thin branches to keep an open, attractive look!

*Make sure that plants are groomed and irrigated regularly to encourage healthy, green growth.  Remove dead or dry stems.

Deer: The only effective way to deal with deer is with fencing.  In the fire safe garden, try a pair of parallel 4ft post and rail fences in-filled with wire, 4 feet apart.  Use self-closing gates at entry points.  If you need height, think of topping the fence with a decorative pergola to support native vines like pipe vine or clematis.

Privacy screens or view blocking:

Use the rule of thumb: place single specimens or small groups of trees or tall shrubs directly in front of what you want to screen.  Just like holding your thumb in front of your face to hide an object in the distance.   Don’t plant a flammable “fuse” of hedging material that costs too much money, requires too much maintenance!

Be a good gardener!

Healthy, fire-safe plants thrive on good soil preparation, mulching and deep, water-wise irrigation.

*Start out right with lots of compost and organic matter tilled into the soil at planting time.

*Build the soil by adding compost and mulch to top-dress the garden in spring and fall.  *Use drip systems set to irrigate DEEPLY each week to keep plants looking their best!

*When plantings become woody or overgrown, Let’s Face it, Time to Replace It!  Old dry shrubs burns easily, no matter the type of plant, so recognize old shrubs that need to be replaced with something new and vigorous.

Learn More: http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_firesafety_100feet.php

Gaillardia shines in the center of this fire safe combo

The combo features Aloe x nobilis with red blooms, purple flowers from Teuchrium, Scarlet Flower Carpet rose, Gaillardia Goblin, Gold strap leaves of Phormium, plus blue Perovskia Longin, and the purple leaves of Prunus cistiana, the native Sand Cherry.

A low carpet of purple flowered hardy iceplant, Delosperma cooperi, and Santa Cruz oregano fill out the edge.

The combo provides nectar for butterflies and hummingbirds, while being very drought tolerant for sunny spots. There is lots of interesting foliage to keep the look strong all year.

Learn more about Fire safe plants by picking up Douglas Kent’s excellent book, Firescaping.

Preview the book online by clicking the bookcover:

Photo courtesy of Wildscaping.com

This grape make in ideal fire safe plant for many reasons. Like many edible plants California Grape not only provides fruit but also can be used for shade. In my garden, Vitis c. ‘Roger’s Red’ clambers up the pillars of my porch.  The stems dangle down to create a living awning in summer.  But unlike other vines like honeysuckle that create a mass of fire prone twigs and dead leaves, grapes have few stems and soft thin leaves the wilt quickly during a fire.  I also choose plants that will provide more than one season of interest. In the case of ‘Roger’s Red’, the grass green leaves turn shades of red in late summer and fall and linger well into early winter.

California Grape can be used on fences, arbors, or on banks as a informal groundcover.

In my own garden I have enjoyed a large Continus ‘Royal Robe’ shown here in bloom.

Pink "smoke" catches the morning light.

The deciduous large shrub offers dark purple leaves and pink blooms with vibrant fall foliage.  The plant is drought and heat tolerant with a hardiness to about 10F making ideal as a specimen in harsh high and low desert climates.  It makes a great fire safe plant by offering color, year round interest and substance to the garden without adding dry fuel.

Available from ForestFarm Nursery in Tetherow OR, www.forestfarm.com

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Epigram is the new series with quotes by Milton Glaser with proceeds benefitting the International Rescue Commitee

A line of flames is only part of the danger of the wildfire

These flying embers create “spotting” where new fires erupt ahead of the main fire. In the case of Jesusita, flying embers landed in pines and palm trees or the leaf litter that accumulated in the valley of a roof and spread the fire beyond the ability of fire engines to put out.

This shows that “defensible space” is only one aspect of a fire safe garden and home. Maintenance and vigilance also are important.  Some residents stayed to defend their homes and doubtless  were able to combat the embers.  But the risk is great; on one street, fire fighters were overrun in a home, taking shelter inside the structure to avoid the firestorm outside.  Even with their heavy protective clothing and years of training, they went to hospital with burns.  A homeowner would not be that lucky without the same protective gear.  

Along with creating defensible space, home owners should plan to evacuate and protect their home with a fire resistant foam or gel such as ThermoGel, that can be applied via a hose end sprayer quickly.  The gel snuffs out embers and can be an effective part of the Fire Safe Garden.

Is it a succulent? What can I plant to help protect my home?

There is an easy answer: forget the plant lists and think about how a fire safe plant grows and what it contributes to your overall sustainable garden.

Here a few examples we will explore today: Gaillardia ‘Goblin’, Penstemon heterophyllus, Pacific Coast Iris, Malus ‘Pink Pearl’,Quercus agrifolia.

Some of the attributes of a fire-safe plant include a lack of woody material accumulating, active growth in summer, or thick  leathery foliage and heavy bark that resists fire.

Gaillardia 'Goblin' offers multicolored blooms for the fire safe border

To start the list off with an explosion of color is Gaillardia ‘Goblin’ ,an easy to grow colorful perennial for full sun. Drought tolerant and deer resistant, it is fire safe because if it’s lack of woody volume and active growth in summer.  This self seeding perennial is ideal mixed with salvia, verbena and teacrium in the dry border.  

Penstemon heterophyllus is native to the foothills of California where it shows off masses blue tubular flowers on 1 ft spikes in early summer.

Penstemon 'Margarita BOP' is a popular cultivar for the dry garden

 The display is noticed by hummingbirds and butterflies alike.  It does best in garden spots where it can go dormant in late summer, making it a perfect companion to ceanothus and low manzanita. Again, low fuel volume and drought tolerance make it penstemon and ideal fire safe choice.  The best known variety is ‘Margarita BOP’ discovered by Las Pilitas Nursery in Santa Margarita growing at the back of their porch , hence “BOP”.

Pacific Coast Iris are hybrids between our fine native Douglas Iris and other species to give them a wide range of colors and large ruffled blooms. PC Irises come in many colors including yellow, blue, maroon, and white.  They are ideal under high branched trees like Monterey Pines or live oaks in dappled shade where they can be used to create a colorful groundcover.  Keeping the landscape low and open under trees eleminates fuel ladders to take flames into the crown.

Blue and White Pacific Coast Iris are ideal under trees

Of course, that brings up the Coast Live Oak, Quercus agrifolia, the most iconic tree in the Western landscape.  While it is often seen burned after a fire, live oaks have thick leathery leaves that resist flames  and strong heavy bark that protects buds that can sprout quickly after a fire.  Native trees like Coast Live Oaks evolved with fire. Properly pruned and kept clear of dry brush, this tree adds beauty, shade, and wildlife shelter to any landscape, urban or rural.

One last tree for the fire safe garden illustrates many points at once. ‘Pink Pearl’ is a low chill apple from Australia.

'Pink Pearl' apples offer pink fragrant blooms in Spring

 It adds organic, nutritious food to the sustainable fire safe garden as well as nectar for pollinators, shade for the home, and attractive year round interest from flowers, fruit and fall color for the garden.  Apples don’t sustain fire with leaves that wilt in heat and an open canopy with little dry wood.

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